semi-literacy, a fact which has contributed to the American 
stress on a merely visual approach to reading in elementary 
learning. Yet Gerard Manley Hopkins was crusading for tactile 
stress in word use and for vigorous oral poetry exactly at the 
time that Cézanne was giving tactile values to the retinal 
impression. Referring to his poem “Spelt from Sibyl’s Leaves,” 
Hopkins wrote:

         Of this long sonnet above all remember what applies to all 
     my verse, that it is, as living art should be, made for 
     performance and that its performance is not reading with 
     the eye but loud, leisurely, poetical (not rhetorical) 
     recitation, with long rests, long dwells on the rhyme and 
     other marked syllables, and so on. This sonnet should be 
     sung: it is most carefully timed in tempo rubato . (20)